Generations of Computer
Father of ComputerCharles Babbage
—English inventor
—1791-1871
—taught math at Cambridge University
—invented a viable mechanical computer equivalent to
modern digital computers
Babbage’s first computer
built in early 1800’
special purpose calculator
1-First generation computers
(1940-1956)
—The first computers
used vacuum tubes for circuitry and magnetic drums for memory.
—They were often
enormous and taking up entire room.
—First generation
computers relied on machine language.
—They were very
expensive to operate and in addition to using a great deal of electricity,
generated a lot of heat, which was often the cause of malfunctions.
—The UNIVAC
and ENIAC computers are examples of first-generation computing
devices.
2-Second generation computers
(1956-1963)
•
Transistors replaced
vacuum tubes and used in the second generation of computers.
•Second-generation
computers moved from cryptic binary machine language to symbolic.
• High-level
programming languages were also being developed at this time, such as
early versions of COBOL and FORTRAN.
•These were also the
first computers that stored their instructions in their memory.
3-Third generation computers(1964-1971)
—The development of
the integrated circuit was the hallmark of the third generation of
computers.
—Users interacted with
third generation computers through keyboards and monitors and interfaced with an operating
system.
—Allowed the device to
run many different applications at one time.
4-Fourth generation computers(1971-present)
—The microprocessor brought the fourth
generation of computers, as thousands of integrated circuits were built onto a
single silicon chip.
—The Intel 4004 chip,
developed in 1971, located all the components of the computer.
—From the central
processing unit and
memory to input/output controls—on a single chip.
—Fourth generation
computers also saw the development of GUIs, the mouse and handheld devices.
5-Fifth generation computers (present and beyond)
—Fifth generation
computing devices, based on artificial
intelligence.
—Are still in
development, though there are some applications, such as voice
recognition.
—The use of parallel
processing and
superconductors is helping to make artificial intelligence a reality.
What
is Computer ?
ØComputer is an electronic device.
ØCan store large amounts of data.
ØCan performing operations on data.
ØPerforming given function on the data & displays the
result as output.
ØProcess data whenever needed.
ØKnown from ‘to compute’
What is Process?
ØComputer works on data as per programme is called process.
ØProcessing means operations like…..
Ø Calculations,
Ø Logical decision making,
Ø Outputting data,
Ø Communicating with others computer etc.
Characteristics of Computer:
§Speed
§Arithmetical
and Logical Operations
§Accuracy
§Reliability
§Storage
§Retrieving
Data and Programme
§Automation
§Versatility
(Flexible)
§
Consistency
§Communications
Hardware/Software :
Computer Hardware:
Parts of computer,
which can be touch is called hardware.
(Physical Parts)
§Monitor
§CPU -- Microprocessor,Motherboard,HardDisk,RAM,CD/DVD,SMPS
§Key Board
§Mouse
§Speaker
Computer Software:
Parts of computer, which can not be touch is called software.
•Operating System Software : Windows, MAC, Linux
•Application Software : MS Office, Photoshop, Media Player
•Internet Browser Software:Internet Explorer,
Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, etc.
Classification of Computers:
1-Personal
computer :
§A single-user computer
§Can be useful at School, Home, etc.
§Known as Micro Computer
§Laptop, Desktop
2-Workstation :
§A powerful, single-user computer.
§A workstation is like a personal computer, but it has a more
powerful microprocessor
§higher-quality monitor.
§Can be found in companies etc.
3-Minicomputer :
§A multi-user computer
§Capable of supporting from 10 to hundreds of users
simultaneously.
§Can be found in banks, government departments etc.
4-Mainframe :
§A powerful multi-user computer
§Capable of supporting hundreds or thousands of users
simultaneously.
5-Supercomputer :
§An extremely fast computer
§Can perform hundreds of millions of instructions per second
§Weather, scientific research can be done by these types of
computer.
Applications of computer:
•Science
research
•Education
•Business
applications
•Banking
•Office
Automation
•Desktop
publishing
•Management aids
•Engineering designing
•Road traffic control
•Railway
•Medicine
•Information services
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